What are the symptoms of TBI?

The severity of TBI ranges from mild to moderate and severe1 and can have short- and long-term consequences, including:2, 3

  • Cognitive, behavioral or mental symptoms: loss of consciousness or balance, dizziness, feeling dazed, confused or disoriented, problems with memory or concentration, mood swings, depression or anxiety, problems with sleep
  • Physical symptoms: headache, fatigue or drowsiness, problems with speech, convulsions or seizures, loss of coordination, pupil dilation, clear fluids draining from nose or ears, difficulty waking
  • Sensory symptoms: blurred vision, ringing in the ears, bad taste in the mouth or changes in the ability to smell, sensitivity to light or sound

Footnotes

1. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, (2022, Dec. 9). https://www.ninds.nih.gov/current-research/focus-disorders/focus-traumatic-brain-injury-research

2. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, (2022, Dec. 9). https://www.ninds.nih.gov/current-research/focus-disorders/focus-traumatic-brain-injury-research

3. Mayo Clinic Staff, (2021, February 4). Traumatic Brain Injury. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/traumatic-brain-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20378557